The Serbia striker served the first game of his suspension in Saturday's 2-1 Premier League defeat at Bournemouth and will now miss Fulham's next seven top-flight matches.
Mitrovic initially received a standard three-match ban, but that has been extended by three games for violent conduct towards a match official and another two for using language that was "improper, abusive, insulting and threatening".
The 28-year-old admitted the latter offence, which also came with a £75,000 fine, but unsuccessfully disputed the charge of violent conduct.
Manager Marco Silva, whose own dismissal alongside that of Willian led to Mitrovic's angry reaction, was also punished by the independent regulatory commission.
Silva admitted using abusive and insulting words or behaviour towards Kavanagh and the fourth official but denied throwing a water bottle towards the assistant referee.
The charge was nevertheless upheld, with a £20,000 fine and another of the same amount coming due to questioning the integrity of the referee during his post-match press conference. He was also hit with a two-game touchline ban.
A further £40,000 penalty was issued against Fulham for failing to control their players.
However, the FA confirmed it plans to appeal against the decisions of the independent regulatory commission.
In a statement, a spokesperson said: "We note the decision of the independent regulatory commission to sanction Aleksandar Mitrovic and Marco Silva.
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